▶ Video: Nrhiav kom tau thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv teeb kom zoo

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Piav Kom Meej

Ua teb mas coob leej yeej muab saib tias yog “ib qho ntawm lub neej” li nws yog ib qho lag luam.  Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog nyiaj txiag thiab qhia txog tias tsim tau qhoob loo zoo li cas mas yuav tsum kom muaj ntawm ob qho no es thiaj li qhia tau rau tus tswv teb thaum nws yuav tau muaj ib qho kev txiav txim siab loj.  Cov tswv teb yuav tsum tau ceev cov ntaub ntawv cia kom thiaj li paub txog tej cov tswv yim tswj kom tau tej yam ntxim li yuav muaj kev phom sij kom thiaj li pab tau lawv qhov lag luam kom tau nqi kom mus ntev ntev.  Ceev cov ntaub ntawv yog pib nrog nrhiav kom tau thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv teeb kom zoo (collecting and organizing) txog lub lag luam ntawm kev ua teb tsim qoob loo (daim teb) thiab cov ntaub ntawv txog nyiaj txiag (khwv tau/them nqi).

Pawg twg

kev ua teb tsim qoob loo (daim teb)

• Tsiaj txhu: hom tsiaj twg; nyhav npaum cas, hnub yug, muaj menyuam hauv plab heev npaum cas, muaj menyuam me heev npaum cas, tuag heev npaum cas, average weaning weight, ib hnub nce kis lus npaum cas
• Qoob Loo: ua tau qoob loo npaum cas, tso dabtsi rau (chiv, noob), tua tshuaj, ywg dej, hnub vas thib cog thiab hnub es sau qoob loo.
• Ua hauj lwm: them nyiaj thiab tsis them nyiaj.
• Huab Cau: Los nag, cua hlob, cua daj cua dub (los lawg, los daus).

Nyiaj txiag 

• Daim ntawv receipts qia cov nyiaj khwv tau thiab cov nqi them nqi,
• daim ntawv teev cov nqi (invoices), cov tshev, thiab cov ntawv qhia txog cov nyiaj pem thab nas qha.

Txheej Txheem

Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwv ceev tseg kuj yuav tsum muab rau cov koos haum ntawm tsoom fwv, cov tuab txhab txais nyiaj, cov tuam txhab yuav ntawv pov fwm, kev xyaum kom muaj kev puaj phais txog kev sau qoob loo, tsim kom cov qoob loo txhob muaj tshuaj tua.  Ib qho kev txiav txim siab tseeb ceeb yog txiav txim tias yuav soj ntsuam li cas thiaj li paub txog koj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qoob loo koj tsim tawm thiab cov nyiaj txiag ntawm koj daim teb.

• Ntawv – lub tswv yim sim thawv khau (“shoebox”) method, xaum thiab ntawv los yog phau ntawv, phau ntawv es tsim los siv kiag ceev qhia txog cov qoob loo thiab/los yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog nyiaj txiag (ledger book).  Qhov txheej txheem nov muas yuav siv sij hawm ntev thiab ntxim li yuav yuam kev ntau dua, tabsis cov tswv teb es tsis paub kov computer mas nyiam qhov no dua.  Tsis tshua kim heev nrog rau siv qhov txheej txheem no.
• Tej yam siv fais fab (electronic) – ntawv spreadsheet Microsoft Excel®, Google Sheets, etc.), software package (AAIMS, CenterPoint, Farm Biz, QuickBooks®, Quicken®, PCMars, Ultra Farm Accounting, etc.).  Cov program no mas yeej los nrog qhov es koj laij lej tib si, txawm li ntawd los, tus tswv teb yuav tsum tau paub siv computer me me thiab, muaj sij hawm los kawm siv, tsim daim ntawv, thiab ntaus cov receipts kom yog.  Nws yuav muaj cov nqis them siv txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej es siv fai fab.
• Kev Pab Sab Nrauv (Outsourcing) – ntiav ib tug kws ceev cov ntaub ntawv txhua yam.  Kom paub tias qhov nqi them rau qhov txheej txheem no yuav siab zog.

Qhia lub ntsiab lus

Ceev ntaub ntawv cia mas qhov zoo tshaj yog ceev yam kom yooj yim! Yeej tsis muaj ib qho txheej txheem tias zoo tshaj plaws “best” los siv ceev cov ntaub ntawv rau tag nrho txhua txhua yam.  Yog tias qhov txheej txheem ceev cov ntaub ntawv cov nyom dhau lawm, tus tswv teb kuj ntxim li yuav ua tau yuam kev ntau tshaj los yog cia li tsis muab tej ntaub ntawv sau ceev cia tag nrho li lawm.  Cov ntaub ntawv ceev cia yuav tsum yog cov qhia txog tej yam es tseem ceeb ua ntu zus.  Ceev cov ntaub ntawv txog nyiaj txiag thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tsim tau qoob loo ntau npaum cas yuav tsum tau khaw tseg thiab muab teeb kom tsim tau qhia txog management reports rau lub lag luam ntawm daim nteb thaum muaj kev txiav txim siab.

Collecting and Organizing Records (2021), drafted by Jenny Vanderlin, UW Center for Dairy Profitability and Katie Wantoch, UW-Madison, Division of Extension; reviewed by Kevin Bernhardt, UW Center for Dairy Profitability/UW-Platteville.

Daim ntawv no yog muaj raws li cov hauj lwm tau txhawb los ntawm USDA/NIFA under Award Number 2018-70027-28586.