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Articles > Farm Financial Management

Nkag siab txog Daim Ntawv ntawm Cov Nyiaj Ntsuab Siv mus los

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English | Spanish | Hmong

Daim ntawv ntawm Cov Nyiaj Ntsuab siv mus los statement of cash flows ceev qhia cov khoom siv thiab nyiaj ntsuab es siv rau hauv lub lam luam ntawm daim teb lub xyoo tas los no.  Nws kuj qhia tau kom paub thiab nkag siab txog tias lub lag luam kev khwv tau nyiaj yog zoo li cas tam sim no thiab lag luam khiav zoo li cas ntawm daim teb qhov lag luam.

Piav Kom Meej:

Daim ntawv ntawm Cov Nyiaj Ntsuab mus los statement of cash flows yog tsi ntsees rau qhov siv cov nyiaj ntsuab “cash” hauv lub lag luam ntawm daim teb.  Daim ntawv balance sheet feem ntau yeej muaj feem xyuam nrog rau kev khwv tau nyiaj yog zoo li cas tam sim no, thiab daim ntawv qhia txog cov nyiaj khwv tau (income statement) es muaj cov kas nplais ntawm daim teb lub lag luam.  Daim ntawv ntawm Cov Nyiaj Ntsuab mus los statement of cash flows yog daim ntawv muaj qhov value-added,  kuj qhia tau kom paub thiab nkag siab txog tias lub lag luam kev khwv tau nyiaj yog zoo li cas tam sim no thiab lag luam khiav zoo li cas nrog rau qhov kev siv nyiaj ntsuab es tau los los yog siv tawm ntawm daim teb qhov lag luam.

Daim ntawv ntawm Cov Nyiaj Ntsuab mus los statement of cash flows ib txwm yog ib daim ntawv qhia ua ke txog qhov siv nyiaj ntsuab ntawm ib lub sij hawm twg (hli, 3 hlub hlis, xyoo).  Daim ntawv statement no tej thaum yuav kev rau daim ntawv cash flow budget, es yog daim khwv yees txog tias nyiaj ntsuab yuav mus los li cas rau yav tom ntej (future cash flow).  Lo lus thuaj pais, “cash flow statement,” yeej siv heev, thiab kuv yuav siv hais txog cash flow budget (npaj kev siv nyiaj ntsuab mus los yav tom ntej) los yog daim ntawv statement of cash flows (qhia me me txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov nyiaj ntsuab mus los). Daim ntawv cash flows thiab cash flow budget mas yog cov kev pab sib txawv thiab muaj hom phiaj txawv thiab muab teeb txhawv.

Daim ntawv cash flows piav txog cov kev siv nyiaj ntsuab es tso rau peb pawg ntawm – kev khiav lag luam, tso nyiaj kom tau paj noj, thiab tej kev siv nyiaj xws li financial activities.  Peb qhov yeej yam kev siv nyiaj no kuj muab xav tias yog peb qho lag luam, nyias muaj nyias tsis sib cuam tshuam, nyob rau tag nrho cov lag luam ntawm daim nteb thoob plaws.  Tseem ceeb mas, tag nrho cov nyiaj es muab suav uake ntawm ib qho twg los (individual net cash) yuav tsum sib npaug li qhov nyiaj ntsuab es thaum xub pib thiab thaum kawg ntawm daim ntawv balance sheet.  Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, nws yuav tau kom muaj kev soj ntsuam saib tias “vim li cas?”

Pawg neeg ntawm Farm Financial Standards Council (FFSC) muaj cov kev qhia kom txhua tus ua raws nraim thiab kev qhia kom paub muab teeb ib qho zuj zus es tsi ntsees (thiab meej tshaj) rau daim ntawv balance sheet.  Daim ntawv no muaj cov kev nthuav tawm kom paub tseeb thiab kom xyaum kawm kom tau ntawm daim ntawv balance sheet, es yeej ua raws li cov keb cob qhia los ntawm FFSC guidance.

Qhia kom paub muab teeb ib qho zuj zus

Qhov es muab daim ntawv cash lows no teeb mas yog ua raws li tus qauv no:

Nyiaj ntsuab (Ib Hlis hnub tim 1) + Nyiaj ntsuab tau los (Inflows) – Nyiaj ntsuab siv tawm (Outflows) = Nyiaj ntsuab (Kaum Ob Hlis hnub tim 31)

Qhov twg:

  • Nyiaj ntsuab (Ib Hlis Hnub tim 1 & Kaum Ob Hlis hnub tim 31) (Jan. 1 & Dec. 31) = checkbook balance, savings, etc.
  • Nyiaj ntsuab tau los (Inflows) = khoom muag (production sales), khoom muag (capital sales), cov
  • nyiaj qiv (borrowed funds), cov khoom muab pub (contributed capital), etc.
  • Nyiaj ntsuab siv tawm (Outflows) = nyiaj siv khiav lub lag luam (operating expense), yuav khoom (capital purchases), them nuj nqis (debt service), (non-farm draws), etc.

Cov Nyiaj Ntsuab los ntawm qhov khiav hauj lwm

Qhov khiav hauj lwm kuj muaj xws li cov nyiaj ntsuab es nkag lawm thiab tawm mus es muaj feem xyuam nrog qhov khiav daim teb lub lag luam.  Ntau ntawm tej yam es tau ua ua lag luam nyob rau tom teb thaum lub xyoo ntawd ces yeej muab xam tias tias yog cov hauj lwm es khiav lub lag luam (operating activities).  Siv nyiaj them nqi tsev, nyiaj khwv tau thiab them se rau social security los yeej yog ib feem ntawm qhov no.

Cov nyiaj siv rau

Qhov investing activities no kuj muaj xws li yog cov nyiaj tau los thaum muag khoom ntawm ntiag tug (assets) thiab cov nyiaj siv tawm mus thaum yuav khoom ntawm ntiag tug (assets). Daim teb lub lag luam tau nyiaj ntsuab ntau npaum cas thaum muag cov tsiaj es nws yug, muag cov cav, los yog av; thiab ho siv nyiaj puas tsawg mus yuav cov khoom ntawm no (assets)?  Feem ntau, cov nyiaj es siv tawm mus mas ntau dua li cov nyiaj es tau rov los, thiab yog muaj li no, qhov es tsis sib npaug no muab kho kom haum nrog rau cov kev siv nyiaj (financing activities) ib yam li tias muaj nuj nqi them ntxiv (tham rau hauv qab no).

Nyiaj ntsuab los ntawm

Qhov financing activites yog cov nyiaj ntsuab es them mus los yog tau los ntawm lwm qhov chaw xws li cov tuam txhab txais nyiaj, cov neeg ua lag luam txog nyiaj txiag (investors) thiab cov shareholders.  Lub lag luam ho tau nyiaj qhov twg los pab?  Muaj nuj nqis yuav tau them ntxiv los yog rov them cov nuj nqis es nyuam qhuav txais, yog ib co es yuav muaj nyob rau ntu nov ntawm daim ntawv statement of cash flow.

Daim ntawv the statement of cash flows tej zaum kuj tsis yog tias tsuas siv tau rau daim teb lub lag luam.  Cov nyiaj ntsuab kuj tau los rau hauv daim teb lub lag luam yam li yog los ntawm tej yuam khoom ntawm koj ntiag tug xws li capital, los yog cov nyiaj tawm mus yam li yog muab rho tawm los ntawm daim teb lub lag luam.  Yog tias ho muaj tej no tshwm sim, yeej muab sau cua rau hauv qhov financing activities.

Hloov qhov nyiaj

Daim ntawv the statement of cash flows qhia txog qhov kawg ntawm cov nyiaj ntsuab thiab cov nyiaj es muaj feem xyuam txog qhov nyiaj balances los ntawm xyoo kawg tas los no ntawm daim balance sheet (Kaub ob hlis tim 31).  Qhov es ‘change in cash’ ntawm thaum pib (Ib hli tim 1) thiab daim ntawv kawg ending balance sheet (Kaub ob hlis tim 31) yuav tsum kom sib koos nrog rau qhov change in-cash balances los ntawm kev khiav lub lag luam (operating), investing, thiab tej yam financing activites nyob rau hauv daim ntawv statement of cash flows.

Qhia lub ntsiab lus:

Daim ntawv the statement of cash flows yog ib qho tswv yim ‘cash’, tsis yog‘accrual’.  Nws qhia txog cov nyiaj tau los thiab cov nyiaj siv tawm mus thaum ib lub sij hawm twg, txawm tias qhov nyiaj es tau los los yog qhov nyiaj es siv them mus yuav tshwm sim thaum twg los tsis ua cas.  Yog li ntawd, qhov nyiaj neg cash position yuav tsis muab saib thaum lub sij hawm es tau nyiaj kas nplais.

Ib daim ntawv qhia kom meej txog qhov cash flow yuav pab kom kho kom haum txog cov nyiaj khwv tau net income mus rau cov nyiaj net cash los ntawm cov hauj lwm es ua los khiav lub lag luam.  Qhov no yeej muaj nthuav tawm nyob hauv daim ntawv cob qhia FFSC guideline.

Daim ntawv the statement of cash flows yeej pab daim teb lub lag luam nkag siab txog qhov siv ‘use’ nyiaj ntsuab

  • Cov nyiaj ntsuab tawm ntawm daim teb lub lag luam mus rau qhov twg?
  • Siv nyiaj ntsuab ntau npaum cas thaum siv them ib qho nqi twg?
  • Puas ntxim li yuav muaj ib qho surplus los yog deficient ntawm ib lub sij hawm twg ntawm xyoo ntawd?
  • Lub lag luam ntawm daim teb puas khwv yees tau tias qhov nyiaj tsawg tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muaj raws li qhov nyiaj tawm mus los (cash flow)?
  • Thaum twg mam li teem sij hawm rau them qhov nyiaj txais rov qab kom ntau li qhov nyiaj tau los?
  • Puas muaj nyiaj txaus mus yuav cov khoom capital asset?

Daim ntawv the statement of cash flows yeej pab tau zoo thiab thaum muab sib piv nrog lwm tus tswv teb los yog qhov koj lub lag luam khiav zoo li cas yav tag los (piv txwv, xyoo tas los nov piv rau xyoo no; cov tswv yim maj them nuj nqis piv rau them kiag qhov nqi).

References: Farm Financial Standards Council. (2021, January). Financial guidelines for agriculture.

Understanding the Statement of Cash Flows (2021), drafted by Jenny Vanderlin, UW Center for Dairy Profitability; reviewed by Kevin Bernhardt, UW Center for Dairy Profitability/UW-Platteville, and Katie Wantoch, UW-Madison, Division of Extension.

Daim ntawv no yog muaj raws li cov hauj lwm tau txhawb los ntawm USDA/NIFA under Award Number 2018-70027-28586.

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